{"id":6068,"date":"2026-03-23T10:33:07","date_gmt":"2026-03-23T10:33:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.turkof.at\/?post_type=turkof_service&#038;p=6068"},"modified":"2026-05-15T13:10:42","modified_gmt":"2026-05-15T13:10:42","slug":"exosomes","status":"publish","type":"turkof_service","link":"https:\/\/www.turkof.at\/en\/services\/exosomes\/","title":{"rendered":"Exosomes"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"turkof-hero wp-block-turkof-hero\">\n\t\n\t<div class=\"turkof-hero__inner\">\n\n\t\t<!-- Left column -->\n\t\t<div class=\"turkof-hero__content\">\n\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.turkof.at\/wp-content\/themes\/turkof-wp\/assets\/icons\/bubble-big.svg\" alt=\"\" class=\"turkof-hero__blob turkof-hero__blob--big\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fetchpriority=\"high\" \/>\n\n\t\t\t<div class=\"turkof-hero__text-group\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"turkof-hero__rating\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"turkof-hero__stars\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.turkof.at\/wp-content\/themes\/turkof-wp\/assets\/icons\/star.svg\" alt=\"\" class=\"turkof-hero__star\" width=\"24\" height=\"20\" aria-hidden=\"true\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.turkof.at\/wp-content\/themes\/turkof-wp\/assets\/icons\/star.svg\" alt=\"\" class=\"turkof-hero__star\" width=\"24\" height=\"20\" aria-hidden=\"true\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.turkof.at\/wp-content\/themes\/turkof-wp\/assets\/icons\/star.svg\" alt=\"\" class=\"turkof-hero__star\" width=\"24\" height=\"20\" aria-hidden=\"true\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.turkof.at\/wp-content\/themes\/turkof-wp\/assets\/icons\/star.svg\" alt=\"\" class=\"turkof-hero__star\" width=\"24\" height=\"20\" aria-hidden=\"true\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.turkof.at\/wp-content\/themes\/turkof-wp\/assets\/icons\/star.svg\" alt=\"\" class=\"turkof-hero__star\" width=\"24\" height=\"20\" aria-hidden=\"true\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"turkof-hero__rating-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t4.9 stars on\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<strong>Docfinder<\/strong>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"turkof-hero__title\">Exosomes<\/h1>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"turkof-hero__subtitle\">Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles measuring approximately 30 to 150 nanometers in size. They are actively released by nearly all cell types and play a central role in cellular communication. Their unique properties and diverse biological functions have made them a major focus of medical research in recent years, particularly in aesthetic and regenerative medicine.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"turkof-hero__buttons\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"turkof-hero__btn turkof-hero__btn--primary\" href=\"\/en\/book-appointment\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tBook appointment\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"turkof-hero__btn turkof-hero__btn--secondary\" href=\"\/en\/book-appointment\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tBefore\/After images\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<!-- Right column -->\n\t\t\t<div class=\"turkof-hero__media\">\n\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.turkof.at\/wp-content\/themes\/turkof-wp\/assets\/icons\/circle.svg\" alt=\"\" class=\"turkof-hero__blob turkof-hero__blob--circle\" aria-hidden=\"true\" \/>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img class=\"turkof-hero__image\" src=\"https:\/\/www.turkof.at\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/exosome-teaser.png\" alt=\"Exosomes\" fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"547\" height=\"498\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"turkof-stats-bar wp-block-turkof-stats-bar\">\n\t<div class=\"turkof-stats-bar__inner container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"turkof-stats-bar__item\">\n\t\t\t\t<img\n\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"turkof-stats-bar__icon\"\n\t\t\t\t\tsrc=\"https:\/\/www.turkof.at\/wp-content\/themes\/turkof-wp\/assets\/icons\/experience.svg\"\n\t\t\t\t\talt=\"\"\n\t\t\t\t\twidth=\"26\"\n\t\t\t\t\theight=\"26\"\n\t\t\t\t\taria-hidden=\"true\"\n\t\t\t\t\/>\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"turkof-stats-bar__text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<strong>20+<\/strong>\n\t\t\t\t\tYears of experience\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"turkof-stats-bar__item\">\n\t\t\t\t<img\n\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"turkof-stats-bar__icon\"\n\t\t\t\t\tsrc=\"https:\/\/www.turkof.at\/wp-content\/themes\/turkof-wp\/assets\/icons\/book.svg\"\n\t\t\t\t\talt=\"\"\n\t\t\t\t\twidth=\"26\"\n\t\t\t\t\theight=\"26\"\n\t\t\t\t\taria-hidden=\"true\"\n\t\t\t\t\/>\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"turkof-stats-bar__text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<strong>14<\/strong>\n\t\t\t\t\tVolumes of specialist literature\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"turkof-stats-bar__item\">\n\t\t\t\t<img\n\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"turkof-stats-bar__icon\"\n\t\t\t\t\tsrc=\"https:\/\/www.turkof.at\/wp-content\/themes\/turkof-wp\/assets\/icons\/people-simple.svg\"\n\t\t\t\t\talt=\"\"\n\t\t\t\t\twidth=\"26\"\n\t\t\t\t\theight=\"26\"\n\t\t\t\t\taria-hidden=\"true\"\n\t\t\t\t\/>\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"turkof-stats-bar__text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<strong>920+<\/strong>\n\t\t\t\t\tSatisfied patients\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-62c66622 wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Definition of exosomes<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Exosomes are lipid membrane\u2013enclosed, extremely small (nano-sized) particles that are formed within multivesicular bodies (MVBs) inside the cell and released into the extracellular space through exocytosis (transport from inside the cell to the outside). They contain a variety of biological molecules, including proteins, lipids, mRNA, miRNA, and other non-coding RNAs. Due to their specific composition, exosomes can act as \u201cmessengers\u201d between cells, transmitting information. However, exosomes are not cells because they lack a cell nucleus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Main characteristics<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Size:<\/strong> 30\u2013150 nm<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Structure:<\/strong> Lipid bilayer that protects their contents from degradation<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Contents:<\/strong> Proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and metabolites<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Release:<\/strong> Through fusion of multivesicular bodies with the cell membrane<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Biological significance<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Exosomes play a crucial role in various physiological and pathological processes. They act as mediators of intercellular communication and influence numerous biological functions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Functions<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Cell communication:<\/strong> They transfer specific molecules such as mRNA and proteins that activate or modulate signaling pathways in target cells.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Immune regulation:<\/strong> Exosomes can either activate or suppress the immune system, depending on their origin.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Tissue regeneration:<\/strong> By providing growth factors and miRNAs, exosomes support tissue regeneration.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Tumor biology:<\/strong> Tumor cells release exosomes that can promote tumor growth, metastasis, and immune evasion.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Pathological relevance<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Exosomes play a role in diseases such as cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, cardiovascular diseases, and infections. They can act both as disease promoters and as biomarkers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Mechanism of action of exosomes<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Exosomes exert their effects through various mechanisms that depend on their specific composition and the target cell.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Mechanisms<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Endocytosis:<\/strong> Target cells take up exosomes through endocytosis (once the exosome touches the membrane, the membrane folds inward and the exosome enters the cell), allowing their contents to reach the cell interior.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Receptor-mediated signaling:<\/strong> Exosomes can interact with specific receptors on the surface of target cells and trigger signaling cascades.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Direct fusion:<\/strong> Exosomes fuse with the target cell membrane, releasing their contents directly into the cytoplasm.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Molecular components<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Proteins:<\/strong> Signaling proteins, enzymes, transcription factors<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>RNA:<\/strong> mRNA and miRNA that influence the gene expression of the target cell<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Lipids:<\/strong> Structural and signal-mediating molecules<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Production of exosomes<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The production of exosomes is carried out in vitro by cultivating cells that release exosomes. The source of the cells is crucial, as it determines the composition and function of the exosomes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<section class=\"turkof-faq wp-block-turkof-faq\">\n\t<div class=\"turkof-faq__inner container\">\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"turkof-faq__list\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<details class=\"turkof-faq__item\" open>\n\t\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"turkof-faq__question\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"turkof-faq__question-text\">Animal sources<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"turkof-faq__chevron\" width=\"12\" height=\"7\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 7\" fill=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<path d=\"M1 1L6 6L11 1\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"turkof-faq__answer\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><\/p>\n<li><strong>Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs):<\/strong> Stem cells derived from bone marrow, adipose tissue, or umbilical cord are considered the main source of therapeutic exosomes.<\/li>\n<p><\/p>\n<li><strong>Blood cells:<\/strong> Platelets and monocytes can release exosomes that play a role in immune regulation.<\/li>\n<p><\/p>\n<li><strong>Tumor cells:<\/strong> Research exosomes derived from tumor cells are used to study tumor biology.<\/li>\n<p><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<details class=\"turkof-faq__item\" open>\n\t\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"turkof-faq__question\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"turkof-faq__question-text\">Plant-Based Sources<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"turkof-faq__chevron\" width=\"12\" height=\"7\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 7\" fill=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<path d=\"M1 1L6 6L11 1\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"turkof-faq__answer\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><\/p>\n<li><strong>Plant Extracts:<\/strong> Certain plants such as grapes, ginger, and lemons produce nanoparticles that are exosome-like and contain bioactive molecules.<\/li>\n<p><\/p>\n<li><strong>Production:<\/strong> Extraction is carried out by grinding and centrifuging plant materials.<\/li>\n<p><\/p>\n<li><strong>Advantages:<\/strong> Plant-derived exosomes are cost-effective, easily accessible, and biocompatible.<\/li>\n<p><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<details class=\"turkof-faq__item\" open>\n\t\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"turkof-faq__question\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"turkof-faq__question-text\">Isolation Methods<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"turkof-faq__chevron\" width=\"12\" height=\"7\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 7\" fill=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<path d=\"M1 1L6 6L11 1\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"turkof-faq__answer\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><\/p>\n<li><strong>Ultracentrifugation:<\/strong> The standard method that separates exosomes based on their density.<\/li>\n<p><\/p>\n<li><strong>Filtration and Chromatography:<\/strong> Additional techniques used to refine exosome purification.<\/li>\n<p><\/p>\n<li><strong>Commercial Kits:<\/strong> Fast and efficient, but relatively expensive.<\/li>\n<p><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Current Significance in Medicine<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Exosomes have found a promising role in the diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy of various diseases.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<section class=\"turkof-faq wp-block-turkof-faq\">\n\t<div class=\"turkof-faq__inner container\">\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"turkof-faq__list\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<details class=\"turkof-faq__item\" open>\n\t\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"turkof-faq__question\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"turkof-faq__question-text\">Diagnostic Applications<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"turkof-faq__chevron\" width=\"12\" height=\"7\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 7\" fill=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<path d=\"M1 1L6 6L11 1\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"turkof-faq__answer\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><\/p>\n<li><strong>Biomarkers:<\/strong> Exosomes contain disease-specific molecules that can serve as biomarkers for cancer, Alzheimer\u2019s disease, and cardiovascular disorders.<\/li>\n<p><\/p>\n<li><strong>Liquid Biopsies:<\/strong> The analysis of exosomes from blood or other body fluids is less invasive than traditional biopsies.<\/li>\n<p><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<details class=\"turkof-faq__item\" open>\n\t\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"turkof-faq__question\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"turkof-faq__question-text\">Therapeutic Applications<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"turkof-faq__chevron\" width=\"12\" height=\"7\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 7\" fill=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<path d=\"M1 1L6 6L11 1\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"turkof-faq__answer\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><\/p>\n<li><strong>Drug Delivery:<\/strong> Exosomes can be used as carriers for therapeutic molecules such as drugs, RNA, or proteins.<\/li>\n<p><\/p>\n<li><strong>Immunotherapy:<\/strong> Tumor-derived exosomes can be utilized as vaccines to activate the immune system.<\/li>\n<p><\/p>\n<li><strong>Tissue Regeneration:<\/strong> MSC-derived exosomes are applied in regenerative medicine to promote the healing of skin, cartilage, and nerve tissue.<\/li>\n<p><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Applications in Aesthetic and Regenerative Medicine<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Exosomes have emerged as innovative tools in aesthetic and regenerative medicine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<section class=\"turkof-faq wp-block-turkof-faq\">\n\t<div class=\"turkof-faq__inner container\">\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"turkof-faq__list\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<details class=\"turkof-faq__item\" open>\n\t\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"turkof-faq__question\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"turkof-faq__question-text\">Aesthetic Medicine<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"turkof-faq__chevron\" width=\"12\" height=\"7\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 7\" fill=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<path d=\"M1 1L6 6L11 1\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"turkof-faq__answer\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ol><\/p>\n<li><strong>Skin Rejuvenation:<\/strong> MSC-derived exosomes promote collagen production, reduce inflammation, and improve skin elasticity.<\/li>\n<p><\/p>\n<li><strong>Hair Growth:<\/strong> They stimulate the activation of hair follicles and reduce hair loss.<\/li>\n<p><\/p>\n<li><strong>Scar Treatment:<\/strong> By modulating inflammatory processes, exosomes help improve scar tissue quality and appearance.<\/li>\n<p><\/ol>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<details class=\"turkof-faq__item\" open>\n\t\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"turkof-faq__question\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"turkof-faq__question-text\">Regenerative Medicine<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"turkof-faq__chevron\" width=\"12\" height=\"7\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 7\" fill=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<path d=\"M1 1L6 6L11 1\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"turkof-faq__answer\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ol><\/p>\n<li><strong>Wound Healing:<\/strong> Exosomes accelerate the regeneration of skin and tissue, particularly in cases of chronic wounds.<\/li>\n<p><\/p>\n<li><strong>Cartilage Regeneration:<\/strong> They stimulate extracellular matrix production in chondrocytes and may help alleviate degenerative joint diseases.<\/li>\n<p><\/p>\n<li><strong>Nerve Damage:<\/strong> MSC-derived exosomes possess neuroprotective properties and can support the regeneration of nerve fibers.<\/li>\n<p><\/ol>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<details class=\"turkof-faq__item\" open>\n\t\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"turkof-faq__question\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"turkof-faq__question-text\">Administration Methods<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"turkof-faq__chevron\" width=\"12\" height=\"7\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 7\" fill=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<path d=\"M1 1L6 6L11 1\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"turkof-faq__answer\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><\/p>\n<li><strong>Topical Applications:<\/strong> Creams and serums containing exosomes for skincare.<\/li>\n<p><\/p>\n<li><strong>Injections:<\/strong> Direct injection into affected tissues or skin layers.<\/li>\n<p><\/p>\n<li><strong>Nanotechnology:<\/strong> Modified exosomes designed for targeted therapies.<\/li>\n<p><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Current Legal Situation in Austria and Europe<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In most European countries, the use of exosomes of animal origin is still prohibited. Currently, only plant-derived exosomes are permitted, which are applied to the skin in the form of creams. I cannot, at this point, confirm their effectiveness with sufficient certainty to incorporate them into my treatment concept.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>I will inform you as soon as this situation changes.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Zukunftsaussichten<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Advances in nanotechnology and bioengineering will facilitate the production and modification of exosomes.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The combination of exosomes with other therapeutic approaches such as gene therapy and immunotherapy could open new treatment strategies.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Their use in personalized medicine could enable more specific and effective therapies.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"turkof-logo-bar wp-block-turkof-logo-bar\">\n\t<div class=\"turkof-logo-bar__inner container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"turkof-logo-bar__label\">Known from:<\/p>\n\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"turkof-logo-bar__logos\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img\n\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"turkof-logo-bar__logo\"\n\t\t\t\t\tsrc=\"https:\/\/www.turkof.at\/wp-content\/themes\/turkof-wp\/assets\/icons\/orf.svg\"\n\t\t\t\t\talt=\"ORF\"\n\t\t\t\t\twidth=\"57\"\n\t\t\t\t\theight=\"25\"\n\t\t\t\t\/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img\n\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"turkof-logo-bar__logo\"\n\t\t\t\t\tsrc=\"https:\/\/www.turkof.at\/wp-content\/themes\/turkof-wp\/assets\/icons\/derstandard.svg\"\n\t\t\t\t\talt=\"Der Standard\"\n\t\t\t\t\twidth=\"142\"\n\t\t\t\t\theight=\"23\"\n\t\t\t\t\/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img\n\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"turkof-logo-bar__logo\"\n\t\t\t\t\tsrc=\"https:\/\/www.turkof.at\/wp-content\/themes\/turkof-wp\/assets\/icons\/kurier.svg\"\n\t\t\t\t\talt=\"Kurier\"\n\t\t\t\t\twidth=\"120\"\n\t\t\t\t\theight=\"25\"\n\t\t\t\t\/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img\n\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"turkof-logo-bar__logo\"\n\t\t\t\t\tsrc=\"https:\/\/www.turkof.at\/wp-content\/themes\/turkof-wp\/assets\/icons\/jatros.svg\"\n\t\t\t\t\talt=\"Jatros\"\n\t\t\t\t\twidth=\"92\"\n\t\t\t\t\theight=\"25\"\n\t\t\t\t\/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img\n\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"turkof-logo-bar__logo\"\n\t\t\t\t\tsrc=\"https:\/\/www.turkof.at\/wp-content\/themes\/turkof-wp\/assets\/icons\/diepresse.svg\"\n\t\t\t\t\talt=\"Die Presse\"\n\t\t\t\t\twidth=\"114\"\n\t\t\t\t\theight=\"20\"\n\t\t\t\t\/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img\n\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"turkof-logo-bar__logo\"\n\t\t\t\t\tsrc=\"https:\/\/www.turkof.at\/wp-content\/themes\/turkof-wp\/assets\/icons\/oe24.svg\"\n\t\t\t\t\talt=\"oe24\"\n\t\t\t\t\twidth=\"67\"\n\t\t\t\t\theight=\"25\"\n\t\t\t\t\/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img\n\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"turkof-logo-bar__logo\"\n\t\t\t\t\tsrc=\"https:\/\/www.turkof.at\/wp-content\/themes\/turkof-wp\/assets\/icons\/wz.svg\"\n\t\t\t\t\talt=\"Wiener Zeitung\"\n\t\t\t\t\twidth=\"54\"\n\t\t\t\t\theight=\"30\"\n\t\t\t\t\/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img\n\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"turkof-logo-bar__logo\"\n\t\t\t\t\tsrc=\"https:\/\/www.turkof.at\/wp-content\/themes\/turkof-wp\/assets\/icons\/universitatwien.svg\"\n\t\t\t\t\talt=\"Universit\u00e4t Wien\"\n\t\t\t\t\twidth=\"87\"\n\t\t\t\t\theight=\"25\"\n\t\t\t\t\/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n<section class=\"turkof-testimonials alignfull wp-block-turkof-testimonials\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"turkof-testimonials__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"turkof-testimonials__subtitle\">Reviews<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"turkof-testimonials__title\">What our patients say<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"turkof-testimonials__divider\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t<div class=\"turkof-testimonials__track-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<img\n\t\t\t\tclass=\"turkof-testimonials__blob\"\n\t\t\t\tsrc=\"https:\/\/www.turkof.at\/wp-content\/themes\/turkof-wp\/assets\/icons\/bubble-big.svg\"\n\t\t\t\talt=\"\"\n\t\t\t\taria-hidden=\"true\"\n\t\t\t\/>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"turkof-testimonials__track\" data-testimonials-track>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"turkof-testimonial-card\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"turkof-testimonial-card__border\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"turkof-testimonial-card__body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"turkof-testimonial-card__stars\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.turkof.at\/wp-content\/themes\/turkof-wp\/assets\/icons\/star-yellow.svg\" alt=\"\" width=\"21\" height=\"20\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.turkof.at\/wp-content\/themes\/turkof-wp\/assets\/icons\/star-yellow.svg\" alt=\"\" width=\"21\" height=\"20\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.turkof.at\/wp-content\/themes\/turkof-wp\/assets\/icons\/star-yellow.svg\" alt=\"\" width=\"21\" height=\"20\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.turkof.at\/wp-content\/themes\/turkof-wp\/assets\/icons\/star-yellow.svg\" alt=\"\" width=\"21\" height=\"20\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.turkof.at\/wp-content\/themes\/turkof-wp\/assets\/icons\/star-yellow.svg\" alt=\"\" width=\"21\" height=\"20\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<blockquote class=\"turkof-testimonial-card__text\"><p>Dr. Turkof made my lips more beautiful and symmetrical.<\/p>\n<p>He looked from every angle and only injected the filler where I really needed it. I look natural \u2014 if it were possible, I would get more injected.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"turkof-testimonial-card\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"turkof-testimonial-card__border\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"turkof-testimonial-card__body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"turkof-testimonial-card__stars\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.turkof.at\/wp-content\/themes\/turkof-wp\/assets\/icons\/star-yellow.svg\" alt=\"\" width=\"21\" height=\"20\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.turkof.at\/wp-content\/themes\/turkof-wp\/assets\/icons\/star-yellow.svg\" alt=\"\" width=\"21\" height=\"20\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.turkof.at\/wp-content\/themes\/turkof-wp\/assets\/icons\/star-yellow.svg\" alt=\"\" width=\"21\" height=\"20\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.turkof.at\/wp-content\/themes\/turkof-wp\/assets\/icons\/star-yellow.svg\" alt=\"\" width=\"21\" height=\"20\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.turkof.at\/wp-content\/themes\/turkof-wp\/assets\/icons\/star-yellow.svg\" alt=\"\" width=\"21\" height=\"20\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<blockquote class=\"turkof-testimonial-card__text\"><p>I know Dr. Turkof through a friend who came all the way from Germany specifically for him. She was very happy with him and recommended him to me, as I was really struggling with dark under-eye circles. My surgery was 3 months ago and I am very pleased with the natural result.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"turkof-testimonial-card\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"turkof-testimonial-card__border\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"turkof-testimonial-card__body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"turkof-testimonial-card__stars\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.turkof.at\/wp-content\/themes\/turkof-wp\/assets\/icons\/star-yellow.svg\" alt=\"\" width=\"21\" height=\"20\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.turkof.at\/wp-content\/themes\/turkof-wp\/assets\/icons\/star-yellow.svg\" alt=\"\" width=\"21\" height=\"20\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.turkof.at\/wp-content\/themes\/turkof-wp\/assets\/icons\/star-yellow.svg\" alt=\"\" width=\"21\" height=\"20\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.turkof.at\/wp-content\/themes\/turkof-wp\/assets\/icons\/star-yellow.svg\" alt=\"\" width=\"21\" height=\"20\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.turkof.at\/wp-content\/themes\/turkof-wp\/assets\/icons\/star-yellow.svg\" alt=\"\" width=\"21\" height=\"20\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<blockquote class=\"turkof-testimonial-card__text\"><p>I had two operations with autologous fat transfer to the breast and ribs with Prof. Turkof.<\/p>\n<p>The result is fantastic and I am very satisfied. The quality of Prof. Turkof as a plastic surgeon is, from my perspective, undisputed.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t<\/section>\n\n\n\n<section class=\"turkof-cta-section alignfull wp-block-turkof-cta-section\">\n\t<div class=\"turkof-cta-section__container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<img\n\t\t\t\tclass=\"turkof-cta-section__blob turkof-cta-section__blob--large\"\n\t\t\t\tsrc=\"https:\/\/www.turkof.at\/wp-content\/themes\/turkof-wp\/assets\/icons\/bubble-shape.svg\"\n\t\t\t\talt=\"\"\n\t\t\t\taria-hidden=\"true\"\n\t\t\t\/>\n\t\t\t<img\n\t\t\t\tclass=\"turkof-cta-section__blob turkof-cta-section__blob--small\"\n\t\t\t\tsrc=\"https:\/\/www.turkof.at\/wp-content\/themes\/turkof-wp\/assets\/icons\/circle.svg\"\n\t\t\t\talt=\"\"\n\t\t\t\taria-hidden=\"true\"\n\t\t\t\/>\n\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"turkof-cta-section__inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"turkof-cta-section__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"turkof-cta-section__subtitle\">Contact<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"turkof-cta-section__title\">Interested in a consultation?<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"turkof-cta-section__divider\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"turkof-cta-section__desc\">Schedule a non-binding consultation appointment now.<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"turkof-cta-section__buttons\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"\/en\/book-appointment\/\" class=\"turkof-cta-section__btn turkof-cta-section__btn--primary\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tBook appointment\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"turkof-popular-services alignfull wp-block-turkof-popular-services\">\n\t<div class=\"turkof-popular-services__inner container\">\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"turkof-popular-services__header\">\n\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"turkof-popular-services__title\">\n\t\t\t\t\tPopular Treatments\t\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"turkof-popular-services__divider\"><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"turkof-popular-services__grid\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.turkof.at\/en\/services\/breast-augmentation-with-autologous-fat\/\" class=\"turkof-popular-services-card\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"turkof-popular-services-card__thumb\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tstyle=\"background-image:url(https:\/\/www.turkof.at\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/eigenfett-1024x351.jpg)\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"turkof-popular-services-card__body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"turkof-popular-services-card__title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tBreast augmentation using the patient&#8217;s own fat\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"turkof-popular-services-card__desc\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tGentle breast augmentation using the body&#039;s own fat \u2013 for a natural shape and harmonious proportions.\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"turkof-popular-services-card__link\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tLearn more\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.turkof.at\/en\/services\/eyelid-lift\/\" class=\"turkof-popular-services-card\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"turkof-popular-services-card__thumb\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tstyle=\"background-image:url(https:\/\/www.turkof.at\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/leistung-thumb-augenlid-2025-1.jpg)\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"turkof-popular-services-card__body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"turkof-popular-services-card__title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tEyelid Lift in Vienna | Youthful Eyes\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"turkof-popular-services-card__desc\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tA fresher, more alert appearance achieved by removing excess skin from the upper and lower eyelids.\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"turkof-popular-services-card__link\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tLearn more\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.turkof.at\/en\/services\/facelift\/\" class=\"turkof-popular-services-card\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"turkof-popular-services-card__thumb\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tstyle=\"background-image:url(https:\/\/www.turkof.at\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/leistung-thumb-facelifting-2025.jpg)\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"turkof-popular-services-card__body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"turkof-popular-services-card__title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tFacelift\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"turkof-popular-services-card__desc\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tFacial and neck tightening for a visibly younger, naturally fresh appearance.\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"turkof-popular-services-card__link\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tLearn more\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.turkof.at\/en\/services\/gynecomastia\/\" class=\"turkof-popular-services-card\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"turkof-popular-services-card__thumb\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tstyle=\"background-image:url(https:\/\/www.turkof.at\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/leistung-thumb-gynaekomastie.jpg)\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"turkof-popular-services-card__body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"turkof-popular-services-card__title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tGynecomastia\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"turkof-popular-services-card__desc\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tTreatment for male breast enlargement to achieve a masculine, flat chest contour and boost self-confidence.\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"turkof-popular-services-card__link\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tLearn more\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.turkof.at\/en\/services\/rhinoplasty\/\" class=\"turkof-popular-services-card\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"turkof-popular-services-card__thumb\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tstyle=\"background-image:url(https:\/\/www.turkof.at\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/nasenkorrektur-1024x351.jpg)\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"turkof-popular-services-card__body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"turkof-popular-services-card__title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tRhinoplasty\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"turkof-popular-services-card__desc\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAesthetic and functional rhinoplasty for a harmonious facial profile.\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"turkof-popular-services-card__link\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tLearn more\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles measuring approximately 30 to 150 nanometers in size. They are actively released by nearly all cell types and play a central role in cellular communication. Their unique properties and diverse biological functions have made them a major focus of medical research in recent years, particularly in aesthetic and regenerative medicine.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":1639,"template":"","meta":{"featured_on_home":false,"suggested_service":false,"hide_from_category":false,"ba_intro_title":"","ba_intro_content":"","ba_meta_description":"","ba_hero_title":"","ba_hero_description":"","ba_hero_image":0,"footnotes":""},"service_category":[21],"class_list":["post-6068","turkof_service","type-turkof_service","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","service_category-hair"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.turkof.at\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/turkof_service\/6068","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.turkof.at\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/turkof_service"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.turkof.at\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/turkof_service"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/www.turkof.at\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/turkof_service\/6068\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6868,"href":"https:\/\/www.turkof.at\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/turkof_service\/6068\/revisions\/6868"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.turkof.at\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1639"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.turkof.at\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6068"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"service_category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.turkof.at\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/service_category?post=6068"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}