Laser Applications in Dermatology
Laser therapy has become an essential tool in dermatology, offering a wide range of treatment options for both medical and aesthetic concerns.
Laser Hair Removal
Laser hair removal is one of the most frequent dermatological uses of lasers. Through selective photothermolysis, the laser energy targets and destroys the hair follicles while sparing the surrounding tissue — resulting in a long-term reduction of unwanted hair.
Laser Tattoo Removal
Lasers can selectively break down the color pigments embedded in the skin, allowing tattoos to fade or be completely removed. Different laser wavelengths are used depending on the ink color — the chosen wavelength corresponds to the complementary color of the tattoo pigment for optimal absorption and destruction of the pigment particles.
Laser Treatment for Vascular Conditions
Lasers are highly effective for vascular issues such as spider veins (telangiectasia), rosacea, and hemangiomas. The light energy is absorbed by the hemoglobin within the blood vessels, generating heat that causes the vessels to collapse and close — leading to visible improvement over time.
Laser Skin Tightening and Wrinkle Reduction
Certain laser systems can stimulate collagen production, resulting in firmer, smoother skin and reduced fine lines. Popular options include the CO₂ laser and fractional Erbium:YAG laser. However, these treatments require careful post-procedure care, including strict sun protection (SPF 50 for at least one year), as the skin’s natural melanin production and barrier function are temporarily reduced.
Laser Treatment of Pigmentation Disorders
Lasers can selectively target hyperpigmentation such as age spots, freckles, or melasma. The laser light is absorbed by the pigment (melanin) within the skin cells, which are then destroyed and gradually replaced by new, evenly pigmented skin. As with tattoo removal, the principle of complementary color absorption plays a key role here as well.
Laser Applications in Cosmetics
Lasers have also become indispensable in the field of cosmetic treatments.
Laser Skin Rejuvenation
Laser-based skin rejuvenation stimulates collagen production, improves skin texture, and reduces fine lines and wrinkles. Popular systems include the Fraxel laser and the non-ablative Erbium:YAG laser, both of which deliver controlled energy to the skin to trigger regeneration without damaging the surrounding tissue.
Laser Acne Treatment
Lasers can effectively treat acne by destroying acne-causing bacteria and reducing inflammation in the sebaceous glands. The blue component of the laser light is absorbed by porphyrins—light-sensitive molecules within the bacteria—which leads to their destruction and results in a clearer complexion.
Laser Pigmentation Removal
Targeted laser treatments can reduce or eliminate pigment spots such as sun spots or age spots. The laser light is absorbed by melanin in the pigmented cells, leading to their selective destruction while leaving surrounding tissue unharmed. Over time, the treated areas lighten, resulting in a more even skin tone.
Laser Scar Treatment
Laser therapy can significantly improve the appearance of scars by stimulating collagen remodeling and softening scar tissue. Depending on the type of scar — acne scars, surgical scars, or hypertrophic scars — different laser types may be used.
Laser Applications in Aesthetic Medicine
In aesthetic medicine, lasers have been used for over 40 years.
Laser for Fat Reduction
Laser procedures such as laser lipolysis can be used for the targeted reduction of fat deposits. The laser generates heat that melts the fat cells, and the melted fat is then broken down by the body.
Laser for Cellulite Treatment
Laser procedures for the treatment of cellulite aim to address the structural causes of cellulite. Laser light is used to tighten the collagen fibers and improve the appearance of dimples.
Laser for Skin Lightening
Certain lasers can be used for skin lightening by reducing the production of melanin. This can help with hyperpigmentation or uneven skin tone.
Laser for the Treatment of Stretch Marks
Lasers can be used to improve the appearance of stretch marks by stimulating collagen production and flattening the stretch marks.
Below is a brief overview of the most important types of lasers for the interested reader
- Ruby Laser
- Alexandrite Laser
- Neodymium:YAG Laser
- Erbium:YAG Laser
- CO₂ Laser
- Dye Laser
- Diode Laser
- Excimer Laser
- KTP Laser
- Fraxel Laser
Summary
The use of lasers in dermatology, cosmetics, and aesthetic medicine has opened up numerous possibilities for treating various skin problems and achieving aesthetic improvements. The wide range of available laser types allows professionals to specifically address the individual needs of patients and achieve optimal results. However, it is important that laser treatments are performed by qualified specialists to minimize possible risks and side effects and to ensure maximum safety.
However, I am a surgeon, and when I consider a laser treatment appropriate, I refer my patients to my cooperating dermatologists.
